Nios Class 12 Chemistry tma solved 2023-24

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Q.1 Electron gain enthalpy of chlorine has more negative value as compared to that of fluorine (F), explain the reason.
Ans. Chlorine and fluorine both are belongs from the group 17, the group of halogens. but electron gain enthalpy of chlorine has more negative value as compared to that of fluorine The explanation of the reason are follows.
(1).large Atomic Size:-Chlorine’s larger atomic size facilitates it to easily gain an additional electron, due to this chlorine has more negative electron gain enthalpy compared to fluorine.
(2). Reduced electron – electron Repulsion:- The reduced electron-electron repulsion founds in chlorine, owing to its larger size, it contributes to a more negative electron gain enthalpy compared to the smaller fluorine.

Q.2 How do metallic and ionic substances differ in conducting electricity ? Ans. Metals are located in the left side of the periodic table, lonic bonds occur between metals, losing electrons, and non-metals, gaining electrons. The brief explanation for how to metallic substances and ionic substances differ in conducting electricity are follows
(1) Metallic substances- in the metallic substances flow of electricity due to flow electrons.. This electrons are not associated with a single atom or convelant bond. Metallic substances also conduct electricity in their molten state.
(li) ionic substances-in the ionic substances, aqueous solutions or molten state the flow of electricity due to flow of the ions, ionic substances do not conduct electricity in the solid state. But they are good electricity conducter in molten state

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